CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES AMONG ADULT AGE OF 35-70 YEARS

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TOPIC: CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES AMONG ADULT AGE OF 35-70 YEARS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Scope of the Study
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Definition of Terms
Chapter Two: Review of Literature
2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population of the Study
3.3 Sample Size Determination
3.4 Sampling Technique
3.5  Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Validity of the Study
3.7 Reliability of the Study
3.8 Method of Data Collection
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four: Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Demographic Analysis
4.2 Analysis of Research Questions
4.3 Test of Hypothesis
4.4 Discussion of Findings
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary of the Study
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Limitation of the Study
5.4 Recommendation
5.5 Suggestion for Further Findings
References
APPENDIX
 
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the causes and management of diabetes among adults aged 35–70 years at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). The research was designed to identify the primary causes of diabetes in this age group, assess the current diabetes management practices, evaluate the level of patient compliance with these management strategies, and determine the factors influencing compliance. The study adopted a descriptive research design and employed a structured questionnaire for data collection. A total of 78 adults diagnosed with diabetes were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The findings revealed that the leading causes of diabetes among the participants were poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, and stress, coupled with a genetic predisposition. In terms of management practices, respondents generally adhered to prescribed pharmacological treatments, but compliance with lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise was lower. The study also identified that while many participants were consistent with medication adherence, factors such as financial constraints, lack of time, and cultural beliefs hindered adherence to recommended lifestyle changes. The research highlights the importance of comprehensive diabetes care that addresses not only medical treatment but also lifestyle interventions and socio-economic challenges. It is recommended that healthcare providers focus on patient education, address the socio-economic barriers to diabetes management, and involve family members in care strategies. The study further suggests the need for more targeted healthcare policies and support systems to improve diabetes management outcomes in Nigeria.
 
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION (PREVIEW)
 1.1 Background to the Study
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both (Bellary et al., 2021). Globally, the prevalence of diabetes has reached alarming rates, with significant implications for public health, particularly among adults aged 35–70 years. This age group is especially vulnerable due to factors such as aging, sedentary lifestyles, and poor dietary habits (Galindo et al., 2023). The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the growing burden of diabetes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where healthcare systems often face challenges in effectively managing the disease (Afaya et al., 2020). In sub-Saharan Africa, the diabetes epidemic has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality, making it a priority area for research and intervention.
Several studies have identified the underlying causes of diabetes among adults, which include genetic predisposition, obesity, physical inactivity, and dietary patterns (Azeez et al., 2021). Moreover, socioeconomic factors such as income levels, education, and access to healthcare contribute to the disease's prevalence (Bossman et al., 2021). For instance, Bossman et al. (2020) highlighted that a lack of awareness and inadequate healthcare infrastructure exacerbate diabetes complications in many African countries. Similarly, lifestyle transitions, including urbanization and dietary westernization, have been strongly linked to the increasing rates of diabetes, particularly in urban centers (Christensen et al., 2023). These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of diabetes and the need for comprehensive management strategies.
Management of diabetes requires an integrated approach encompassing medical, lifestyle, and educational interventions (Ekpo et al., 2020). Pharmacological treatments, including insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, remain the cornerstone of diabetes care. However, recent evidence suggests that lifestyle modifications, such as dietary regulation and increased physical activity, significantly improve glycemic control (Fajinmi et al., 2022). Public health campaigns emphasizing preventive measures have also proven effective in mitigating the disease burden (Falola et al., 2023). Nonetheless, the lack of adherence to management protocols remains a critical barrier to achieving optimal outcomes.
In Nigeria, the prevalence of diabetes among adults has surged in recent decades, fueled by urbanization and changing lifestyles (Chika-Igwenyi et al., 2023). Azeez et al. (2021) identified cultural and economic factors as significant determinants of diabetes management in the Nigerian context. Despite advancements in medical treatments, the healthcare system faces challenges in addressing the high demand for diabetes care, particularly in tertiary institutions such as the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). As one of the leading healthcare facilities in Nigeria, LASUTH provides specialized care for diabetes patients, serving as a critical case study for understanding the dynamics of diabetes management in urban settings. This study focuses on the causes and management of diabetes among adults aged 35–70 years at LASUTH. 
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pervasive health issue affecting millions globally, with its prevalence steadily rising among adults aged 35–70 years. Althiugh there has been advancements in medical science, the effective management of diabetes remains a significant challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. The problem is multifaceted, with causes ranging from genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors to socio-economic determinants such as limited access to quality healthcare and health education. Studies, including those by Azeez et al. (2021) and Bellary et al. (2021), have demonstrated that urbanization and dietary changes significantly contribute to the disease's prevalence. However, in Nigeria, the lack of structured healthcare systems, inadequate awareness programs, and poor adherence to management protocols exacerbate the burden(Christensen et al. 2023). At LASUTH, where patient volume is high, these challenges are further compounded by insufficient resources and limited healthcare personnel, creating gaps in diabetes care and management.
Moreover, despite the availability of treatment options such as pharmacological agents and lifestyle modifications, many patients experience suboptimal outcomes due to barriers such as cultural beliefs, financial constraints, and non-compliance with prescribed regimens. The absence of robust data on the specific causes and management practices within LASUTH further limits the development of effective, evidence-based strategies. This study seeks to address these critical gaps by exploring the causes and management of diabetes among adults aged 35–70 years at LASUTH.
1.3 Objectives Of The Study
The study generally focuses on the causes and management of diabetes among adults aged 35–70 years at LASUTH. The study will specifically assess the objectives below:
1. Analyze the causes of diabetes among adults aged 35–70 years at LASUTH.
2. Assess the management practices of diabetes among adults aged 35–70 years at LASUTH.
3. Evaluate the level of compliance with diabetes management measures among adults aged 35–70 years at LASUTH.
4. Identify the factors influencing the compliance with diabetes management measures among adults aged 35–70 years at LASUTH.